Open source software is not a new term. In the last 15 years, the world has seen a massive technical shift and software development is a significant part of it. Terms like “open source” “closed source” “source code” “mobile app development” have become a new norm in the IT industry. So, even if we constantly come across these, have you ever wondered what could be the difference between these terms? What is open source software? What is closed source software?
In this blog, we will explore the key differences between open source software and closed source software along with its advantages and disadvantages.
Let’s dive in…
What is Open Source Software?
Open-source software or OSS is a type of software whose source code is easily accessible to everyone. This means that anyone can view, modify, and distribute the code under the terms of an open-source license. Unlike proprietary software, which restricts access to its internal workings, open-source software promotes transparency, collaboration, and community-driven development.
Key Characteristics of Open Source Software:
Publicly Accessible Code:
The source code is open for everyone to inspect, use, and modify as per their needs.
Developers can study the code, identify issues, and contribute improvements.
Free to Use and Modify:
Most open-source software is available for free, though some may have paid versions with additional features.
Users can modify the code to tailor it to their specific requirements.
Community-Driven Development:
Open-source projects are usually maintained by a global community of developers rather than a single organization.
Contributions come from individuals, companies, and institutions, fostering continuous improvement.
Flexible Licensing:
Open-source software is governed by licenses like GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License, and Apache License.
These licenses define the terms under which the software can be used, modified, and redistributed.
Transparency and Security:
Since the code is publicly accessible, vulnerabilities can be detected and fixed quickly.
However, the same openness can also make the software a target for cyber threats if not properly maintained.
As the name suggests, closed-source software is a type of software whose source code is not publicly accessible. The software is developed, maintained, and distributed by a company or an individual under strict licensing agreements. Users can only use the software as per the terms set by the owner, without the ability to view, modify, or distribute its source code.
Key Characteristics of Closed Source Software:
Restricted Access to Source Code:
Unlike open-source software, the source code of closed-source software is kept confidential.
Only the company or developers who own the software have the rights to modify and distribute it.
Licensed and Commercial Model:
Users must purchase a license to use the software, either through a one-time payment, subscription model, or per-user licensing.
Some software providers offer free versions with limited features to encourage upgrades to paid versions.
Strict Usage and Distribution Policies:
Users cannot legally modify, copy, or distribute closed-source software without permission.
Licensing agreements, such as End-User License Agreements (EULAs), define how the software can be used.
Exclusive Maintenance and Support:
Only the software vendor or developer can provide updates, security patches, and technical support.
Users rely on the company for bug fixes and feature updates.
Higher Security and Stability:
Since the code is not publicly accessible, it is less vulnerable to unauthorized modifications or exploits.
Vendors implement strict security measures to protect data and user privacy.
Examples of Closed Source Software:
Operating Systems: Windows, macOS, iOS
Office Productivity Tools: Microsoft Office, Adobe Acrobat
Multimedia Software: Adobe Photoshop, Final Cut Pro
When choosing software, one of the biggest decisions is whether to go with open-source software (OSS) or closed-source software (CSS). Both have distinct advantages and drawbacks, making them suitable for different use cases. Below, we’ll break down the major differences in detail to help you make an informed choice.
1. Accessibility to Source Code
Open Source Software:
The source code is publicly available, meaning anyone can access, study, modify, and redistribute it.
Developers can tailor the software to their needs, add features, or fix bugs without waiting for an official update.
A great example is Linux, where developers worldwide contribute to its improvement.
Closed Source Software:
The source code is kept private and is only accessible to the original developers or the company that owns it.
Users cannot modify or view the underlying code, ensuring consistency but limiting flexibility.
For instance, Microsoft Windows does not allow users to alter its core functionality.
Key Takeaway: Open-source software is highly customizable, while closed-source software is controlled and restricted.
2. Cost Factor
Open Source Software:
Most open-source software is free to download and use, making it a cost-effective option for individuals and businesses.
Some open-source programs may offer paid premium versions for advanced features or enterprise support (e.g., Red Hat Linux).
Since there are no licensing fees, startups and small businesses often prefer open-source solutions.
Closed Source Software:
Usually comes with a one-time purchase fee, subscription model, or per-user licensing.
Businesses often need to pay for additional support, upgrades, and feature enhancements.
For example, Microsoft Office requires a paid license or subscription, while alternatives like LibreOffice are free.
Key Takeaway: Open-source software is generally more affordable, but closed-source software comes with premium features and professional support.
3. Security and Vulnerability
Open Source Software:
Security is a double-edged sword—since the code is publicly available, vulnerabilities can be spotted and fixed quickly.
However, its openness also makes it a target for cybercriminals if security patches aren’t applied promptly.
Example: WordPress, a widely used open-source CMS, is frequently updated to fix security loopholes.
Closed Source Software:
Since the code is not accessible, it’s harder for hackers to find and exploit vulnerabilities.
However, if a security flaw is found, users must wait for the vendor to release a patch.
Example: Apple’s macOS is known for its security, but users have to rely on Apple for updates.
Key Takeaway: Open-source software benefits from rapid community-driven security fixes, while closed-source software relies on vendor-controlled security updates.
4. Customization and Flexibility
Open Source Software:
Developers can tweak the software to suit their needs, integrate it with other tools, or create custom plugins.
Many companies use open-source software as a base to build their own applications.
Example: Android OS (based on Linux) allows smartphone manufacturers to modify it, leading to variations like Samsung’s One UI and Xiaomi’s MIUI.
Closed Source Software:
Users are restricted to the features provided by the vendor.
Customization is either not allowed or available at an extra cost through premium packages.
Example: Apple’s iOS is closed-source, meaning users cannot modify it beyond the settings Apple provides.
Key Takeaway: Open-source software is more flexible and customizable, while closed-source software is more rigid but often more polished.
5. Support and Maintenance
Open Source Software:
Support is mainly community-driven—users rely on forums, documentation, and third-party developers for help.
Some open-source projects offer paid enterprise support (e.g., Red Hat provides official support for Linux).
Bug fixes and updates are driven by contributions from developers worldwide.
Closed Source Software:
Comes with official technical support, which is often included in the price.
Regular updates, patches, and customer service are provided by the company.
Example: Adobe Photoshop users can contact Adobe’s customer support for troubleshooting.
Key Takeaway: Open-source software relies on community-driven support, while closed-source software offers dedicated professional support.
6. Licensing and Usage Rights
Open Source Software:
Governed by open-source licenses like GNU GPL, MIT License, and Apache License, which define how the software can be used, modified, and redistributed.
Most licenses allow free usage, modification, and sharing, provided the terms are followed.
Closed Source Software:
Distributed under proprietary End-User License Agreements (EULAs), which strictly limit how the software can be used.
Users must agree to the terms before installation and are not allowed to modify or share the software.
Key Takeaway: Open-source software has flexible licensing, while closed-source software is bound by strict proprietary agreements.
Comparison Table: Open Source vs Closed Source
Feature
Open Source
Closed Source
Source Code
Publicly Available
Restricted, Private
Cost
Available in both (Free & Paid)
Paid (one-time or subscription)
Security
Community-driven updates
Vendor-controlled security
Customization
Fully customizable
Limited or not allowed
Support
Community forums, third-party support
Official, vendor-provided support
Licensing
Open-source licenses (MIT, GPL)
Proprietary EULA
Open Source vs Closed Source: Advantages and Disadvantages
Both open-source software (OSS) and closed-source software (CSS) come with their own set of benefits and drawbacks. The right choice depends on factors like cost, security, customization needs, and support availability. Below, we’ll explore the advantages and disadvantages of each in detail.
Advantages of Open Source Software
1. Cost-Effectiveness
Most open-source software is free to download and use, making it a budget-friendly choice for individuals, startups, and enterprises.
Even when enterprise versions require payment, they are usually more affordable than proprietary alternatives.
Example:
LibreOffice vs. Microsoft Office: LibreOffice is a free, open-source office suite, while Microsoft Office requires a paid license.
2. Transparency and Security
Since the source code is available, security vulnerabilities can be detected and fixed quickly.
Users don’t have to worry about hidden surveillance or unauthorized data collection.
Example:
Mozilla Firefox is open-source, allowing security experts to inspect and improve its security.
3. Community-Driven Development
A large global community contributes to open-source projects, ensuring constant updates, bug fixes, and feature improvements.
Open discussions and contributions lead to faster problem resolution than some proprietary software.
Example:
The Linux kernel is updated and improved by thousands of developers worldwide.
Disadvantages of Open Source Software
1. Limited Official Support
Open-source software does not always come with dedicated customer support.
Users must rely on forums, online guides, and third-party consultants for troubleshooting.
Example:
WordPress is free, but premium customer support is only available through third-party service providers.
2. Compatibility Issues
Some open-source programs may not be compatible with proprietary systems or require additional configurations.
Users might face integration challenges with enterprise software that primarily supports closed-source solutions.
Example:
Open-source office suites like LibreOffice may not fully support Microsoft Office file formats (e.g., .docx, .xlsx).
3. Security Risks Due to Public Code
Transparency enhances security and it makes open-source software a potential target for hackers who can identify vulnerabilities.
If not properly maintained, outdated versions can be exploited.
Example:
WordPress, being open-source, is frequently targeted by cyberattacks if users don’t apply security patches.
Advantages of Closed Source Software
1. High Security and Controlled Access
The source code is private, reducing the risk of unauthorized modifications or vulnerabilities.
Security updates are managed by the vendor, ensuring reliability.
Example:
Apple’s iOS is a closed-source OS known for its robust security features.
2. Regular Updates and Stability
Updates, patches, and new features are released regularly by the vendor to enhance performance and security.
Software is extensively tested before release, reducing bugs and stability issues.
Example:
Windows OS receives frequent security and feature updates from Microsoft.
3. Intellectual Property Protection
Companies retain full control over their software, preventing unauthorized modifications or redistributions.
This ensures that quality standards and brand integrity are maintained.
Example:
Adobe’s software ecosystem (Photoshop, Illustrator) is closed-source to protect its proprietary technology.
Disadvantages of Closed Source Software
1. High Cost
Most closed-source software requires a one-time purchase, subscription fee, or licensing costs.
Businesses may need to pay extra for additional features, updates, and support.
Example:
Microsoft Office requires a subscription, while LibreOffice (open-source) is free.
2. Limited Customization
Users cannot modify or enhance the software beyond the features provided by the vendor.
Any additional customization requires purchasing premium versions or third-party extensions.
Example:
iOS does not allow deep system-level modifications, unlike Android.
3. Vendor Lock-In
Once a company adopts closed-source software, switching to another solution can be difficult due to data compatibility and high switching costs.
Users become dependent on a single vendor for updates, support, and future versions.
Example:
Businesses using Oracle Database face high costs if they want to switch to a different database system.
The Bottom Line
Choosing between open source software and closed-source software depends on your specific needs. Open-source offers flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and customization, making it ideal for developers and businesses looking for control. In contrast, closed-source ensures security, dedicated support, and seamless integration, which is crucial for enterprises.
If you’re an Android developer, open-source platforms like Android OS offer customization, while iOS development relies on Apple’s closed ecosystem for stability.
So, are you looking to build scalable applications? Hire React JS developers from Artoon Solutions today.
Contact us now!
FAQs
1. Which is better: Open Source or Closed Source Software?
Both have advantages. Open-source is cost-effective and customizable, while closed-source offers security and professional support. The best choice depends on your needs, whether flexibility (open-source) or reliability (closed-source) is more important.
2. Can businesses use open-source software commercially?
Yes, businesses can use open-source software commercially. However, some licenses, like GPL, may require modifications to be shared publicly. Always check the software’s licensing terms before commercial use.
3. Is open-source software more vulnerable to security risks?
Open-source software can be secure since its code is publicly reviewed. However, if not maintained or updated, vulnerabilities can be exploited. Regular updates and active community support enhance security.
4. Why do companies prefer closed-source software?
Companies choose closed-source software for security, professional support, and seamless integration with enterprise systems. It ensures reliability and compliance, making it ideal for businesses that prioritize data protection and customer support.
5. Can open-source software replace closed-source alternatives?
In many cases, yes. Open-source alternatives exist for almost every closed-source software, but they may require technical expertise. Businesses should evaluate their requirements before switching to ensure compatibility and support availability.
Written By :
Artoon Solutions
Artoon Solutions is a technology company that specializes in providing a wide range of IT services, including web and mobile app development, game development, and web application development. They offer custom software solutions to clients across various industries and are known for their expertise in technologies such as React.js, Angular, Node.js, and others. The company focuses on delivering high-quality, innovative solutions tailored to meet the specific needs of their clients.
